ОСОБЕННОСТИ АДИПОНЕКТИНА В СИСТЕМЕ МАТЬ–ПЛАЦЕНТА–ПЛОД
Аннотация
Ожирение является серьезной медико-социальной проблемой современной медицины и достигает в мире масштабов эпидемии. Наряду с высокими темпами роста ожирения среди взрослых, неуклонно растет распространенность ожирения и среди женщин детородного возраста. Особое беспокойство вызывает материнское ожирение, так как оно может приводить к нарушению формирования и развития будущего ребенка. Влияние ожирения на течение беременности изучается уже не первое десятилетие, результаты многих исследований показывают роль материнского ожирения в формировании различных осложнений беременности и родов. Механизмы, лежащие в основе влияния материнского ожирения и осложнений беременности, могут включать инсулинорезистентность, эндотелиальную дисфункцию, липотоксичность и метафламмацию. Материнское ожирение также связано с характерными изменениями высвобождения адипокинов, которые оказывают системное влияние на метаболизм и энергетический гомеостаз. У женщин с ожирением уровень адипонектина в плазме ниже, чем у женщин с нормальным индексом массы тела, на протяжении всей беременности, а материнский адипонектин обратно коррелирует с массой материнского жира, резистентностью к инсулину и выработкой глюкозы, а также с ростом плода, что указывает на роль адипонектина в регуляции материнского метаболизма, плацентарной функции и развития плода. Изменения уровня адипокина также были обнаружены в пуповинной крови, что указывает на его активную роль в синтезе у плода. Эти наблюдения убедительно свидетельствуют о том, что адипонектины играют одну из ключевых ролей в метаболизме плода и матери, оказываясь на границе между матерью, плацентой и плодом.
Литература
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Aye I.L., Rosario F.J., Powell T.L., Jansson T. Adiponectin supplementation in pregnant mice prevents the adverse effects of maternal obesity on placental function and fetal growth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2015; 112: 12858–63. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1515484112.
Bawah A.T., Seini M.M., Abaka-Yawason A. et al. Leptin, resistin and visfatin as useful predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis. 2019; 18: 221.
Castro N.P., Euclydes V.V., Simões F.A. et al. The Relationship between Maternal Plasma Leptin and Adiponectin Concentrations and Newborn Adiposity. Nutrients. 2017; 9(3): 182. DOI: 10.3390/nu9030182.
De Gennaro G., Palla G., Battini L. et al. The role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus. GynecolEndocrinol. 2019; 35(9): 737–51. DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1597346.
D’Ippolito S., Tersigni C., Scambia G., Di Simone N. Adipokines, an adipose tissue and placental product with biological functions during pregnancy. Biofactors. 2018; 38: 14.
Dutheil F., Gordon B.A., Naughton G. et al. Cardiovascular risk of adipokines: a review. J Int Med Res. 2018; 46: 2082–95.
Estienne A., Bongrani A., Reverchon M. et al. Involvement of Novel Adipokines, Chemerin, Visfatin, Resistin and Apelin in Reproductive Functions in Normal and Pathological Conditions in Humans and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci. 2019; 20(18): 4431. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184431.
Firsova L.A., Shogiradze L.D., Evdokimova N.V. et al. Hormonal and cytokine status in adolescent girls with obesity. University Therapeutic Journal. 2022; 4(S): 137.
Francis E.C., Dabelea D., Shankar K., Perng W. Maternal diet quality during pregnancy is associated with biomarkers of metabolic risk among male offspring. Diabetologia. 2021; 64(11): 2478–90. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05533-0.
Francis E.C., Li M., Hinkle S.N. et al. Adipokines in early and mid-pregnancy and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes: a longitudinal study in a multiracial cohort. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2020; 8(1): e001333. DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001333.
Gázquez A., Rodríguez F., Sánchez-Campillo M. et al. Adiponectin agonist treatment in diabetic pregnant rats. J Endocrinol. 2021; 251(1): 1–13. DOI: 10.1530/JOE-20-0617.
Gritsinskaya V., Novikova V. Obesity in children in the regions of Russia. Russian Pediatric Journal. 2021; 2(3): 39.
Guelfi K.J., Ong M.J., Li S. et al. Maternal circulating adipokine profile and insulin resistance in women at high risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2017; 75: 54–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.08.003.
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