ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ РАЗВИТИЯ АТЕРОСКЛЕРОЗА И СТАРЕНИЯ
Аннотация
Атеросклероз относят к болезням старения, так как повышение возраста является независимым фактором риска его развития. Данный процесс связан с преждевременным биологическим старением, поскольку в атеросклеротических бляшках выявляются признаки снижения пролиферации клеток, апоптоза, повышенного повреждения ДНК, эпигенетических модификаций, укорочения и дисфункции теломер. Атеросклероз является хроническим воспалительным заболеванием внутренней стенки крупных и средних артерий. Это основная причина развития сердечно-сосудистых и цереброваскулярных заболеваний. Патоморфологически атеросклероз представляет собой хроническое воспаление артерий, вторичное по отношению к длительному воздействию окислительного стресса, в процессах которого участвуют многочисленные типы клеток и медиаторы. Окисленные липиды, образующиеся из липопротеидов низкой плотности, способствуют развитию и прогрессированию атеросклеротических бляшек за счет выработки воспалительных цитокинов. Диета и пищевые привычки являются основными факторами, способствующими развитию и прогрессированию атеросклеротических заболеваний. Генетика и эпигенетика также оказывают значимое влияние на развитие и прогрессирование атеросклероза. В перспективе терапевтические подходы могут быть направлены на патогенетические медиаторы атеросклероза на молекулярном уровне.
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