THE ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN PATHOGENESIS OF PARKINSON IS DISEASE

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a slow - developing neurodegenerative disease, which is based on damage to the nerve cells of the brain stem. According to the frequency of occurrence among neurodegenerative diseases, PD ranks second after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The pathogenesis of PD is inextricably linked to the microbiota gut brain axis, the components of which are the central nervous system (CNS), the neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems, the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the gut microbiota. In the review, special attention is paid to the degree of participation of the intestinal microbiota in the formation of PD. Currently, the balance of the microbiota gut brain axis is one of the most relevant topics in both basic medicine and clinical practice. Special attention concerning research of fundamental pecularaties of PD development should be paid to improving the tools of its experimental modelling. Among chemical substancies used to model PD the first place is taken by pesticide rotenon to be the best to cause the development of PD like alternations in animals on experiment. New data received in the course of experimental and clinical recearch of the role of the axis microbiota gut brain in PD pathogenesis allow to ground the expediency of research of the means of fecale microbiota transplantation in PD treatment.