Russian Biomedical Research

INFECTIVE AGENTS IN FIXED ANATONICAL MATERIALS

2025-06-05T12:51:15+03:00

The program of pre-graduate and postgraduate medical education involves the use of cadavers to teach anatomy by autopsy or examination of dissected samples. The preservation process of the biomaterial must ensure that it is free from damage, destruction and decomposition. Preservative solutions are used for this, but it remains unclear whether there is any risk of spread. microorganisms during the teaching of anatomy, research and autopsy procedures of fixed corpses. The results showed that the fixed cadaveric material, as well as preservative solutions, contain viable micromycetes. The study of the pathogenicity factors of fungi isolated from anatomical preparations showed that more than 80% of fungal strains have hydrolytic activity. This study highlights the importance of developing safe manipulation protocols to avoid possible infection and illness of staff and students.

FEATURES OF SKIN MICROCIRCULATION IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS

2025-06-05T12:51:00+03:00

Introduction. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune skin disease involving the musculoskeletal system in the pathological process. This original study presents comparative results of studying the microcirculatory bed in the psoriatic papule and in a healthy area of the skin of patients with psoriasis. The aim was to study of the parameters of microcirculation in a pathological lesion of the skin in patients with psoriasis against the background of treatment under the influence of artificially created stress. Materials and methods. 16 patients with psoriasis aged 18 to 25 years who were on inpatient treatment at the Regional Skin and Venereological Dispensary in Chita were examined. Microcirculation was evaluated by laser speckle interferometry. Statistical analysis and visualization are performed in the R language (http://cran.rproject.org), version 4.2.3. Results. The dynamics of interlayer blood flow obtained by laser speckle interferometry in a state of artificially modulated stress in a healthy area of the skin significantly differ compared with microcirculation in the affected area. Conclusion. The revealed changes in the microcirculation of the skin contribute to the understanding of the pathogenetic links of the formation of a pathological focus in patients with psoriasis.

STUDY OF THE ACTIVITY OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES OF BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS IN WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY

2025-06-05T12:50:45+03:00

Introduction. The hydrolytic activity of biofluids during pregnancy has been studied. It was found that their content in blood serum, saliva, urine and coprofiltrate dynamically change from the end of pregnancy to the early postpartum period. It has been shown that digestive enzymes play an important role in the formation of the Mother– fetus interaction. The purpose of the work — to study the activity of digestive enzymes in peripheral blood serum, urine, saliva, coprofiltrate, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood in women during pregnancy after childbirth, to compare with that content in non-pregnant women. Materials and methods. The material for the study was taken from nonpregnant (n=45) and pregnant (n=82) women — new mothers aged from 18 to 35 years (2–3 days after childbirth). The dynamics of changes in the activity of hydrolases in biological fluids was studied. Results. A change in the activity levels of pepsinogen, amylase, alkaline phosphatase and lipase in biological fluids in women during pregnancy and in the postpartum period compared with those in non-pregnant women was revealed. Conclusions. In pregnant women, by the end of pregnancy, there is an increase in the activity of all hydrolases in blood serum, an increase in the activity of pepsinogen and lipase in urine, a significant increase in amylase in saliva and a decrease in the proteolytic and alkaline phosphatase activities of the coprofiltrate. The homogenate of placenta, umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid is characterized by the highest activity of alkaline phosphatase.

CHANGES IN MORPHOMETRIC AND OPTICAL PARAMETERS OF RAT’S LYMPHOCYTES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF COPPER-ZINC PYRITE ORE

2025-06-05T12:50:27+03:00

Introduction. It is well-established that morphological and optical characteristics of lymphocytes reflect their functionalactivity, making them suitable for assessing the status of the immune system. This is particularly significant as exposure to adverse environmental conditions, such as those associated with copper-zinc pyrite ore mining, can have negative effects on the body. The relevance of this issue is underscored by the potential risks faced by mining workers who come into contact with the ore, which contains heavy metal salts, and can lead to negative health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of copper-zinc pyrite ore on the surface area, nuclear area, and optical density of rat’s lymphocytes of the peripheral blood. Materials and methods. The study utilized a sample of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of rats, which were exposed to copper-zinc pyrite ore under controlled conditions. Measurements were taken of the aforementioned parameters, and statistical analysis was performed to determine any significant changes in these characteristics. In the study, we used computer morphometry to analyze the dimensional parameters and structural features of lymphocytes, as well as the optical properties of these cells, in rats that had been exposed to copper-zinc pyrite ore. In the study were used 70 male rats, aged three to four months and weighing an average of 210.5±10.5 grams. The rats were divided into 5 groups based on the timing of their exposure to copper-zinc pyrite ore. The morphometric parameters of the lymphocytes were determined using computer morphometry by “MEKOS-C2” automated microscopy system (Russia), which was integrated with the AXIO Lab A1 microscope (ZEISS, Germany) for smear analysis. Results. During the experiment, the nuclear area of lymphocytes was increased, while its optical density decreased, the cytoplasmic area and optical density were decreaed. Discussion. The findings suggest that exposure to copper-zinc pyrite ore was leaded to changes of lymphocyte morphology, specifically an increase of nuclear area. Further research is needed to understand the implications of these changes and their potential impact on immune function. The observed changes of the size and optical density of the cell nucleus could be due to a conversion of heterochromatin to active euchromatin and a decrease in the metabolic activity of the cytoplasm. Conclusions. The rearrangements in the morphometric parameters and optical properties of lymphocytes that have been observed may be the result of adaptive processes of rat’s immune system under the influence of copper-zinc pyrite ore.

INJECTION USE OF PLATELET RICH PLASMA IN THE TREATMENT OF BORDERLINE SKIN BURNS

2025-06-05T12:50:12+03:00

Introduction. The use of platelet-rich plasma is a promising method for treating burn patients. Today, there are many publications devoted to autodermoplasty in combination with the patient’s blood plasma for deep skin burns, but less attention has been paid to the problem of borderline lesions. Оbjective of the study — to evaluate the improvement in the treatment efficacy of burn victims with borderline burns using platelet-rich plasma. Materials and methods. The work demonstrates the results of treatment of 40 patients with borderline skin burns, aged from 18 to 59 years, hospitalized at the State Budgetary Institution of St. Petersburg Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. I.I. Janelidze in the period from 2021 to 2023. The criterion for inclusion in the study was the area of a second degree burn wound according to ICD 10, with a total area of up to 15% of the body surface. The results of treatment with platelet-rich plasma were assessed on 2% of the area, which averaged 327.6±15.2 cm2. During the work, clinical, planimetric, cytological and histological research methods were used. Results. Our proposed method of a single injection of platelet-rich plasma into the area of a border burn wound made it possible to accelerate the time for the onset of epithelization by 19.2% (p <0.05), the time for final healing of the wound by 25.1% (p <0.05), and also reduce the incidence of infectious complications by 15% (p <0.05). The obtained clinical and planimetric data were confirmed by cytological and histological studies. In fingerprint smears, by the twelfth day of observation, the number of neutrophils decreased by 33.7% (p <0.05) and the number of fibroblasts and macrophages increased by 41.4% (p <0.05) and 29.3% (p <0.05) respectively. During the histological study, it was noted that the patients in the study group had less pronounced leukocyte infiltration, swelling of the dermis, and a more clearly formed collagen framework. Conclusion. The use of platelet-rich plasma makes it possible to achieve earlier relief of the inflammatory reaction and ensure an earlier transition to the regenerative phase of the wound process in the area of a border burn wound.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TASTE SENSITIVITY OF THE TONGUE IN ELDERLY PEOPLE WHO HAVE SUFFERED COVID-19

2025-06-05T12:49:56+03:00

Introduction. Many patients who have had COVID-19 report taste disorders that occur during the height of the disease, and sometimes persist for a certain time after recovery. Therefore, the study of taste sensitivity indicators in older people who have suffered a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 seems relevant for understanding the pathophysiological processes occurring in the human body. Purpose of the study: was to study the characteristics of the taste sensitivity of the tongue in elderly people who have suffered a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, based on a study of the thresholds of taste sensitivity of the tongue and electrogustometry. Materials and methods. The thresholds of taste sensitivity of the tongue, as well as indicators of electrogustometry of the tongue, were studied in 89 elderly people, who were divided into 2 study groups. Group 1 included 37 patients without pronounced psychosomatic pathology who did not suffer from the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. The 2nd main group of the study included 52 patients who underwent COVID-19 6 to 9 months ago. The patients of the 2 groups were divided into 2 subgroups, taking into account the presence or absence of complaints of impaired taste sensitivity during the course of COVID-19 disease. The results of the study. It was found that people who had a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, regardless of whether they had complaints of taste sensitivity disorders during the disease or not, 6 to 9 months after the disease, they had no differences in electrogustometry indicators. In patients who did not complain of taste disorders during the COVID-19 period, only an increase in the threshold of taste sensitivity of the tongue to salty was noted in the post-ovoid period, while in patients who complained of taste disorders during the COVID-19 disease, there was a significant increase in the thresholds of taste sensitivity of the tongue to all types of stimuli, although such an indicator for gorky was within the reference values. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the peculiarities of the functioning of the taste analyzer in people who have suffered a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, and also indicate that an increase in the thresholds of taste sensitivity of the tongue in elderly patients may hinder the formation of a feeling of satiety and contribute to maintaining the desire to eat during the day, leading to difficulties with the regulation of diet therapy, an important component of the complex treatment of various psychosomatic pathologies.

EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTI-SHOCK THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF EXTENSIVE BURNS IN CASE OF LONG-TERM COMPRESSION SYNDROM

2025-06-05T12:49:40+03:00

The article analyzes the effectiveness of the use of crystalloid and colloid solutions, antihypoxants, antioxidants, and analgesics aimed at relieving the pathological processes of shock development in patients with extensive skin burns against the background of prolonged compartment syndrome. We conducted an experimental study that included 360 adult white outbred rats of both sexes, weighing 220–240 g, divided into groups depending on the treatment method. After modeling long-term compartment syndrome in animals, third-degree burns according to ICD-10 were reproduced, with a total area of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30% of the body surface. The results were assessed after the administration of crystalloid and colloid solutions, as well as any substrate antihypoxants, both based on malic and fumaric acids — reamberin, mafusol, or polyoxyfumarin. As a result of our data, the most optimal statistical group of animals in the experiment was identified, with a skin burn area of 15% and the presence of long-term compression syndrome. During the study, the optimal volume of antishock infusion therapy was determined, which exceeded the calculated volume of infusions on the first day based on the Parkland scheme by almost 40% (p <0.01).

ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC SIGNS OF AMBIDEXTRIA DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS

2025-06-05T12:49:22+03:00

Introduction. The relevance of the work is due to the need to develop ambidexterity as a manual skill of future surgeons in order to speed up the performance of operations and minimize trauma to the specialist, as well as reduce the risk of blood-borne infections. Ambidexterity can be developed by performing special exercises at home, and an objective assessment of changes in the state of the neuromuscular apparatus can be carried out using surface electromyography. The aim of the study is to develop an effective version of exercises for the development of fine motor skills using EMG assessment of the dynamics of the functional state of the motor units of the muscles of the forearms of the non-dominant hand. Materials and methods. The ten-day experiment involved 10 people aged 18–23 years, who were evenly divided into two groups, which once a day performed exercises to develop fine motor skills of the fingers, and the second group additionally performed exercises to develop interhemispheric connections. EMG registration was carried out by electromyograph Biopac Student LAB Basic Systems. The reliability of differences in dependent samples was determined using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney criterion; for dependent samples, the Wilcoxon criterion was used. Results. Performing fine motor skills training in combination with exercises that activate the work of both hemispheres of the brain more effectively contributes to the development of motor skills of the non-working hand. The formation of interhemispheric interactions increases the number of involved motor units and the degree of their synchronization. Conclusion. The development of interhemispheric connections allows for more effective mastery of manipulations with the non-working hand due to the involvement of a larger number of motor units in the process of muscle contraction.

IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF PATIENTS TO COMPLETE REMOVABLE DENTURES USING ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC BIOFEEDBACK

2025-06-05T12:49:10+03:00

Introduction. Complete absence of teeth is a very common pathology, especially in the elderly, and removable dentures are mainly used for its treatment. Various local and general mechanisms are used to reduce the process of adaptation to dentures in patients with complete absence of teeth. We suggest using the principle of biofeedback, which is safe, does not require medical support, and optimizes the adaptation process by activating the human body’s own reserves, through active patient involvement and conscious training of the musculoskeletal system. The aim of the study is to optimize the adaptation process of primary prosthetic patients with complete removable plate prostheses using the principle of biofeedback. Materials and methods. The research was aimed at substantiating the effectiveness of the biofeedback method to optimize the adaptation of patients to removable dentures after complete tooth loss. The study involved 50 elderly people (60-74 years old). All patients were treated for complete absence of teeth with removable dentures, but the patients of the main group received biofeedback therapy at the treatment stages to optimize adaptation. Results. When comparing the results of the group receiving traditional treatment and the group using correction with biofeedback, it was found that the adaptation to full removable plate prostheses occurred faster in the second group. According to electromyography and gnathodynamometry data, patients receiving biofeedback therapy at the treatment stages had already adapted to full removable plate prostheses on day 14. We have proved the effectiveness of the implementation of the proposed technology to optimize the process of adaptation to removable dentures. Conclusion. Based on the results of objective physiological and subjective studies, it can be seen that the use of the author’s algorithm based on the principles of biofeedback makes it possible to shorten the period of adaptation of patients to complete removable plate prostheses, thereby optimizing the process of getting used to complete removable orthopedic structures.

ON THE TREMATODE FAUNA OF FISH OF THE FAMILY PERCIDAE IN THE LAKE VEROYARVI OF LENINGRAD REGION

2025-06-05T12:48:58+03:00

Introduction. The lakes of the Vsevolozhsky District of the Leningrad Region are considered to be popular places of tourist importance, where intensive amateur fishing is conducted. Data on the parasite fauna of the fish species most commonly found in the biocenoses are important in ichthyopathology and medicine. The aim of the study was to determine the systematic affiliation of trematode larvae in fish of the family Percidae from Lake Veroyarvi in the Vsevolozhsky District of the Leningrad Region and to assess the safety of objects of fishing by the presence of trematode larvae pathogenic to humans. Materials and methods. The material was collected in the summer and autumn of 2022–2023. 15 individuals of perch (Perca fluviatilis) were studied by the method of complete parasitological autopsy. Fixation and staining of the detected trematode metacercariae were performed using carmine acetic acid. The fixed samples were studied using an XSP-128-201 binocular microscope. Results. Metacercariae of the family Diplostomidae were found in the eyes of 14 out of 15 individuals of the perch. Numerous metacercariae of the Strigeidae family have been identified in the connective tissue membrane of the swim bladder, the parenchyma of the ovary, and mesentery of fish. Based on the analysis of the literature data, the life cycles, vertebrate and invertebrate hosts of the identified trematodes are considered. The first intermediate hosts are gastropods; fish of the Percidae family are the second intermediate hosts. Vertebrates, mainly birds, act as the final hosts. Conclusion. Larvae of trematodes of the families Diplostomidae and Strigeidae, which do not pose a danger to humans, have been identified in the organisms of fish of the Percidae family in Lake Veroyarvi, Leningrad Region.

A NEW MINIMALLY INVASIVE METHOD FOR MEASURING BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE CAUDAL VENTRAL ARTERY IN RATS — EVALUATION

2025-06-05T12:48:46+03:00

Introduction. Blood pressure is an important hemodynamic indicator characterizing the state of the cardiovascular system, which plays an important role in the experimental modeling of pathological conditions associated with impaired hemodynamics (for example, blood loss or hemorrhagic shock) in biological test systems. In modern practice, invasive and non-invasive blood pressure measurement methods are used in conducting research. However, if the objectives of the study include the registration of blood pressure in modeling pathological conditions associated with impaired hemodynamic processes, such as hemorrhagic shock, then with existing methods of measuring blood pressure, obtaining accurate, reliable data is often difficult. The aim of the study was to develop a minimally invasive, continuous method for recording blood pressure in the caudal artery in rats, both under anesthesia and without it, including without the use of anticoagulants; comparative analysis of various blood pressure measurement techniques in intact animals, in experimental modeling of hemorrhagic shock. Materials and methods. 110 male rats, Sprague Dawley, weighing 360±20 g were involved in the work. During the experiment, a minimally invasive method of blood pressure registration was developed, surgical modeling of hemorrhagic shock was performed, and a comparative analysis of various blood pressure measurement methods was carried out. The results of the study. It was found that the developed method can be considered accurate and low-traumatic, allowing fast, continuous blood pressure measurements in real time, both under general anesthesia and without it, without the use of anticoagulants. The accuracy of measurements does not depend on the nature, complexity of the experimental study and the general hemodynamic picture of the animal.

COMPARATIVE FEATURES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

2025-06-05T12:48:34+03:00

Muscle tissues are widespread in the human organism. Since their main feature is ability to contractility, their sarcoplasm (cytoplasm) contains a well-developed contractile apparatus, which can have its specific characteristics in different muscle tissues. Muscle tissues differ from each other not only in their localization and structural characteristics, but also in their origin, as well as their ability to regenerate. There are two main classifications of muscle tissues: morphological one taking into account the peculiarities of the structure of the contractile apparatus, and histogenetic one taking into account the origin of tissue. According to the morphofunctional classification, muscle tissues are divided into striated (cross-striated) and smooth. In turn, striated tissues are divided into skeletal and cardiac. The main tissue element of skeletal muscle tissue is myosymplast, which is formed during embryogenesis as a result of the fusion of myoblast cells. The main tissue element of cardiac muscle tissue are cells — cardiomyocytes, which during embryogenesis connect with each other to form fibers. The main tissue element of smooth muscle tissue are cells — smooth myocytes, which during embryonic development can migrate from different rudiments. Muscle tissue of internal organs and vessels has a mesenchymal origin, the muscles of the iris of the eyeball are neural, myoepithelial cells of glands are ectodermal. Despite the fact that the structure and origin of the muscle tissues are well studied, in recent years a lot of information has appeared from the field of molecular biology concerning their development in embryogenesis. In addition the issues of regenerative capabilities of different types of muscle tissues remain debatable. Skeletal muscle tissue shows the greatest regenerative abilities. Its regeneration is provided by satellite cells (myosatellitocytes), which isolate themselves on the surface of skeletal muscle fiber during intrauterine development, without fusing with it and preserving regenerative abilities due to the protein Pax7 expressed by myoblasts that are the precursors of myosatellitocytes. Until now, there is no unambiguous data on the regenerative capabilities of cardiomyocytes. There is controversial information in the literature about the possible role of cells c-kit+ as cardiac stem cells. However, they cannot provide full-fleged regeneration due to their small quantity in the myocardium. Smooth myocytes of blood vessels and internal organs are capable of reparative regeneration, which is provided by cells entering mitosis when smooth muscle tissue is damaged. But the question remains not fully clarified, which cells are capable of performing this function. Clarification of issues related to the regeneration of various types of muscle tissue may be of great importance for practical medicine.