LACTASE DEFICIENCY AND INTOLERANCE TO LACTOSE: THE MAIN FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT AND THE PRINCIPLES OF DIET THERAPY

Abstract

Lactase deficiency is a form of disaccharidase deficiency that is characterized by a decrease in the expression or production of the lactase enzyme. The biological function of this enzyme is coordinated by the lactase gene (LCT), located on the long arm of the second chromosome (region 2q21). Еxpression LCT is regulated by the promoter region located above the gene from the beginning of lactase transcription in the intron of the neighboring MCM6 gene, known as LCT C>T 13910 (rs4988235). Lactose intolerance is a clinical syndrome with a set of dyspeptic symptoms. The development of this syndrome is based on both genetically determined conditions and diseases, as well as transient morpho functional immaturity of the enzyme systems of the digestive tract of infants, as well as diseases that lead to a violation of the structure of the enterocyte. The main method of treating lactose intolerance is diet therapy, the construction and duration of which are determined by factors that lead to the manifestation of symptoms of lactose intolerance.