INFLUENCE OF COMORBIDITIES ON THE SEVERITY OF COVID-19
Abstract
Early in the pandemic, the impact of comorbidities on the severity and outcomes of COVID-19 was noted. Since then, much attention has focused on the comorbidity issues associated
with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the long-term consequences of COVID-19. Chronic diseases that disrupt the body’s homeostasis make patients more prone to infections. Having chronic diseases is
associated with higher severity of COVID-19 and a higher risk of death from COVID-19. In addition to respiratory complications, COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular
events such as heart attacks, myocardial infarctions, strokes and thrombosis. Patients with pre-existing hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity are particularly susceptible to these complications. The most common comorbid chronic diseases in patients infected with the SARSCoV- 2 coronavirus that affect development and prognosis are metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, as well as hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The pathophysiological mechanisms of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases have much in common with coronavirus infection. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is capable of directly damaging the heart and vascular endothelium and inducing a systemic inflammatory response and prothrombotic state that aggravate comorbid cardiovascular diseases. Many patients, especially older patients, have a history of two or more chronic diseases. identifying the individual contribution of comorbid diseases as factors in the progression of COVID-19 to severe forms is important, since the prevention of complications and adverse cardiovascular events depends on the underlying mechanisms of influence on the course of the infection. In this review, we present existing information on the impact of major comorbidities in patients with COVID-19.
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