ПОСТ-COVID СИНДРОМ

S.G. Shсherbak; A.M. Sarana; D.A. Vologzhanin; A.S. Golota; T.A. Kamilova; S.V. Makarenko

doi:10.56871/UTJ.2024.60.93.001

S.G. Shсherbak City Hospital No. 40 of the Kurortny District. Borisov str., 9, Sestroretsk, Russian Federation, 191024
A.M. Sarana Saint Petersburg State University. University embankment, 7–9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 199034
D.A. Vologzhanin City Hospital No. 40 of the Kurortny District. Borisov str., 9, Sestroretsk, Russian Federation, 191024
A.S. Golota City Hospital No. 40 of the Kurortny District. Borisov str., 9, Sestroretsk, Russian Federation, 191024 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5632-3963
T.A. Kamilova City Hospital No. 40 of the Kurortny District. Borisov str., 9, Sestroretsk, Russian Federation, 191024
S.V. Makarenko City Hospital No. 40 of the Kurortny District. Borisov str., 9, Sestroretsk, Russian Federation, 191024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56871/UTJ.2024.60.93.001

Keywords: consequences of COVID-19, post-infection syndrome, post-acute COVID syndrome, “long COVID”, long-term post-COVID symptoms, immunity, inflammation, biomarker

Abstract

Many COVID-19 survivors experience a variety of persistent symptoms that last for months or years. The prevalence of the consequences of COVID-19 is estimated at 10–30%. This multifactorial clinical syndrome is called PACS (post-acute COVID syndrome) or “long COVID”. Post-COVID syndrome is characterized by changes in the immune, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous and autonomic systems, making it similar to myalgic encephalitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). The current lack of effective treatment reflects the unclear causes of post-COVID-19 conditions, which cannot be adequately addressed until the pathophysiological mechanism is established. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed a significant gap in knowledge about the long-term consequences of infectious diseases. Unraveling the complex biology of PACS relies on identifying biomarkers and phenotypes of patients who developed PACS. Comprehensive longitudinal monitoring of symptoms is necessary to confirm the diagnosis, identify mechanisms, and develop prevention and treatment measures for PACS. Complications that persist for months and years after recovery from acute COVID-19 occur in many organ systems, not just the respiratory tract, and vary in both location and severity. “Long COVID” represents a number of different post-viral syndromes that require appropriate classification. The inappropriate and unique inflammatory response during the acute phase of COVID-19 causes severe respiratory symptoms, which can further lead to damage to multiple organs such as the brain, heart, and kidneys. The role of an unregulated antigen-specific immune response to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, persistence of the virus in tissue reservoirs, unresolved inflammation, hyperproduction of cytokines and tissue damage in the processes and development of post-COVID syndrome is considered.

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POST-COVID SYNDROME

Abstract

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