MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN RAT CORTICAL CELLS DURING CEREBRAL HYPOPERFUSION WITH SHORT-TERM PHYSICAL EXERCISE AS A FUNCTION OF SEX AND STRESS TOLERANCE

Abstract

It has been shown that when developing rehabilitation measures for cerebral hypoperfusion using physical activity, it is necessary to take into account the gender and stress tolerance of the individual. In this regard, we set out to evaluate the cellular dynamics of neurons and glia of the motor cortex in rats as a function of sex and stress tolerance during cerebral hypoperfusion and its combination with short -term physical exercise. The study was performed on 280 Wistar rats, both sexes. The animals were divided into groups: control group (n = 24), «pure» cerebral hypoperfusion (n = 144), and cerebral hypoperfusion in combination with short -term exercise (n = 112). The rats were divided into subgroups: by sex - males and females, by the results of the preliminary «open field» test - with high (HLSR) and low level of stress resistance (LLSR). The animals were eliminated from the experiment at 1, 6, 8, 14, 21, 35, 60 and 90-days postoperatively. Histological sections of the motor cortex were stained by Nissl. We obtained data on the decrease of the neuronal number density without irreversible changes on the 1st-6th and 8th days, more in males and HLSR, and less in females and LLSR. This was combined with an increase in the number of neurons with irreversible changes in males on day 8, 14 and 21 after surgery and in animals with LLSR on day 6, 8, 14, 21 and 28, and with an increase in the number of postcellular, resorbable structures. Thus, male sex and HLSR are risk factors in the development of cerebral hypoperfusion. When rehabilitation measures were modeled with short -term physical activity, male gender and HLSR were associated with an increase in the numerical density of neurons without signs of damage in the motor cortex of the large cerebral hemispheres of animals.