SARS CoV-2 PROTEINS AND HUMAN PROTEINS
Abstract
SARS CoV-2 proteins are molecules with a mass of several tens to several thousand amino acid residues. There are structural and nonstructural proteins. The former include Spike glycoprotein (S), small membrane envelope protein (E), membrane protein (M), and nucleoprotein or nucleocapsid (N). The second group consists of 16 nonstructural proteins (Nsp1-16, including replicase polyproteins RPP 1a and 1ab) and 10 accessory factors or open reading frame proteins (ORF3a, 3b, 6, 7a, 7b, 8, 9b, 9c, 10 and 14). Proteins S, E and M, located outside and in the membrane of a virion, are involved in the contact of the virion with a cell and penetration into it. Other proteins are involved in the hijacking of intracellular mechanisms and their use in the virus’s own interests. Most of these proteins contain numerous motifs that are homologous to human proteins including such important ones as Interleukin-7. Perhaps this homology is an important factor in deceiving the immune system at the initial stages of infection and provoking an autoimmune response later. The homology of SARS CoV-2 proteins on the one hand and taste and olfactory receptor proteins on the other hand may possibly explain the causes of the impaired perception of taste and olfactory stimuli characteristic of COVID infection.
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