DISRUPTED SYNTHESIS OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DIABETIC ENCEPHALOPATHY (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Abstract
This review provides a summary of data on the role of neurotransmitter synthesis abnormalities in the pathophysiology of diabetic encephalopathy (DE). It covers the key neurotransmitters that could be involved in the pathogenesis of DE: gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, dopamine, acetylcholine and serotonin. The article describes the main pathophysiological mechanisms that may play a role in the development and progression of DE in the course of diabetes mellitus in a patient with disrupted release of key neurotransmitters. It provides data confirming the hyperreactivity of the GABAergic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems, along with the hypoactivity of the cholinergic and serotoninergic systems, as part of the pathophysiology of DE. Also provided are results of preclinical and clinical studies confirming that patients with type 1 and 2 DM have abnormalities in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, which could serve as early diagnostic markers of DE.
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