ПРОГНОСТИЧЕСКАЯ РОЛЬ ОЖИРЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ МАТЕРИ И РЕБЕНКА В ПЕРВЫЙ ГОД ЖИЗНИ

Д.О. Иванов; Н.Э. Прокопьева; Ю.В. Петренко

doi:10.56871/CmN-W.2023.40.28.001

Д.О. Иванов Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет. 194100, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2
Н.Э. Прокопьева Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет. 194100, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2
Ю.В. Петренко Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет. 194100, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56871/CmN-W.2023.40.28.001

Ключевые слова: материнское ожирение, перинатальный период, метаболический синдром, потомство матерей с ожирением, мать–плацента–плод

Аннотация

За последние несколько десятилетий распространенность ожирения во всем мире достигла масштабов эпидемии. Ожирение и избыточный вес во время беременности связаны с ухудшением исходов для матери и ребенка. Кроме того, исследования показывают, что материнское ожирение может привести к долгосрочным последствиям для потомства, увеличивая риск развития психоневрологических расстройств, метаболических, атопических заболеваний, а также возможных изменений иммунного / воспалительного статуса. В дополнение к генетическим механизмам все больше данных свидетельствует об индукции эпигенетических изменений материнским ожирением, которые могут влиять на фенотип потомства, тем самым программируя риск ожирения и кардиометаболических заболеваний. Однако механизмы, связывающие материнскую среду с неблагоприятными краткосрочными и долгосрочными последствиями, остаются плохо изученными. В данном обзоре представлены современные знания о влиянии материнского ожирения во время беременности на ребенка в первый год жизни. Понимание этих процессов имеет ключевое значение для разработки терапевтических вмешательств с целью предотвращения будущих сердечно-сосудистых и метаболических патологий у последующих поколений.

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