НУТРИЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ ОЖИРЕНИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ
Аннотация
Профилактика ожирения у детей является приоритетным способом снижения распространенности ожирения и, следовательно, кардиоваскулярного риска как в детской, так и во взрослой популяции. Профилактические мероприятия направлены на коррекцию образа жизни и включают оптимизацию питания и повышение физической активности. В представленном обзоре проанализирована эффективность современных нутрициологических вмешательств, используемых для профилактики избыточной массы тела и ожирения у детей. Подходы, направленные на питание, наиболее перспективны в возрастном периоде от зачатия до 2 лет. Поощрение грудного вскармливания и снижение содержания белка в рационе ребенка в первые 12–24 месяцев жизни снижают риск ожирения в дальнейшие возрастные периоды. Также рекомендуется избегать введения прикорма до 4-месячного возраста. Начиная с двухлетнего возраста применяют подходы, сочетающие изменения в питании и физической активности. Наибольшей эффективностью обладают вмешательства по профилактике ожирения, проводимые в условиях детских образовательных учреждений, в том числе с участием семьи. Перспективными методами коррекции пищевых стереотипов являются средиземноморская диета, сокращение потребления сладких напитков и повышение потребления фруктов, овощей и продуктов, богатых пищевыми волокнами, что оказывает положительное влияние на различные параметры здоровья.
Литература
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