РОЛЬ КИШЕЧНОЙ МИКРОБИОТЫ В ГЕНЕЗЕ ЭПИЛЕПСИИ
Аннотация
Общепризнанно, что здоровье и благополучие макроорганизма зависят от адекватного функционирования кишечной микробиоты и мозга. Отмечено, что кишечная микробиота принимает участие в формировании функций головного мозга через различные пути и системы, включая центральную нервную систему. В такой ситуации правомочно предположить, что микробиота может быть триггером в развитии эпилепсии. Выявлены статистически значимые различия в микробном составе фекалий между больными эпилепсией и здоровыми людьми. Эпилепсия — хроническое заболевание головного мозга различной этиологии, причем у 40–60% больных причина данного недуга остается неизвестна. Показано, что диверсификация микробного пейзажа кишечника сопровождается активацией эпилептических пароксизмов. Однако состав и структура кишечного микромира настолько сложны и недостаточно изучены, что выделить определенные бактерии как наиболее «полезные» или «опасные» при эпилепсии практически невозможно. Предполагается, что чрезмерная локальная синхронизация биэлектрической активности мозга обусловлена минимальным хроническим воспалением и синдромом «дырявого кишечника» с разбалансировкой передачи сигналов по оси мозг–кишка. Основной метод лечения эпилептических пароксизмов — назначение фармацевтических препаратов. При этом у каждого третьего пациента с эпилепсией имеет место рефрактерная эпилепсия. Изучение видового разнообразия, состава и функции кишечной микробиоты у пациентов с эпилепсией, но с несколько противоречивыми результатами, указывают на наличие у них кишечного дисбиоза и на их потенциальную ценность в диагностике и контроле лечения эпилепсии, особенно при ее рефрактерной форме.
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