METHODS FOR DETECTING ESOPHAGEAL DISEASES IN PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT AGES

Abstract

The esophagus is a hollow organ that promotes food to the stomach. It has its own characteristics at different ages. So, children of the first year of life have anatomical and physiological features that cause them to have such a physiological phenomenon as regurgitation. Changes occur in the esophageal mucosa with age, the severity of which depends on the duration and nature of reflux, which occurred as a result of various diseases of the upper digestive tract. Changes may be different. This can be hyperemia, swelling, strictures, ulcers, erosion, meta-, dis/neoplasia. These changes affect the morphological and functional state of esophagus and there are many methods for measuring them. This article discusses such methods as endoscopic and histological examinations and their varieties, in particular: chromoendoscopy with Lugol solution or with methylene blue coloring, esophagoscopy with pretreatment of the esophageal mucosa with acetic acid solution, confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLEM) and narrow - spectrum endoscopy (NBI-Narrow Band Imaging).