Features of the health status of newborns from women with compensated gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a widespread problem in the modern society all over the world. It is common knowledge that normal blood glycose level during pregnancy is necessary for healthy prenatal development. In connection with the introduction of clinical recommendations on the diagnostic algorithm (screening) and treatment of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), attention to this disease in our country has increased. But there is virtually no data concerning the overall medical status of babies born from mothers with compensated GDM. The article presents the analysis of medical documentation and anamnesis data of 99 women and their newborn children. Mother -child couples were divided into 2 groups depending on the glycemic status of the women. In the GDM group most of the women were over 30 years old (81.3%), often high weight or obese (50%), with a history of somatic and obstetric anamnesis, with consecutive delivery (62.5%). During the pregnancy, the women included in the test group often developed the risk of miscarriage and preterm childbirth in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (р<0.05), chronic fetal hypoxia in 12.5% cases and polyhydramnios (р<0.05). The children from women with GDM had bigger height and weight. Only in this group were children with birth weight over 4,500 grams. The children in the study group also showed more signs of morphofunctional dysmaturity (р <0.05) and problems in postnatal adaptation such as hypoglycemia and conjugational hyperbilirubinemia. In this group there were more cases of skin hemorrhage syndrome, 2 children had a collarbone fracture. So, despite of the seemingly satisfactory compensated GDM in accordance with current recommendations, there remains a risk of fetal macrosomia and diabetic fetopathy. The children from women with GDM have a high risk of birth injury and problems in postnatal adaptation