MEDICAL AND STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN WITH COMPLICATED PERINATAL PERIOD DISEASES TREATED IN THE IN-PATIENTS’ DEPARTMENTS

Abstract

The analysis of official statistics data indicates the presence of an unfavorable situation in the course of children with developmental defects labor in St. Petersburg, which in turn requires improvement of the system for providing specialized, including rehabilitative assistance to this category of children. According to official statistics, in 2020 in St. Petersburg, almost every fifth newborn (19.7 %) had a history of pathology that occurred in the perinatal period, and every tenth (11.9 %) had congenital anomalies (malformations), deformities and chromosomal disorders. At birth a child is exposed to multicomponent stress, which leads to disruption of adaptation processes and aggravation of the existing pathology. The premature baby is especially vulnerable. In the studied population of children, the vast majority (85.9 %) of newborns were hospitalized in the intensive care unit and then transferred to the neonatal pathology unit, and 14.1 % were immediately hospitalized in the neonatal pathology unit. Mother’s age contributes to the socio biological factors influencing the occurrence of pathology in the child. Another group of risk factors for the birth of premature babies and children with pathologies includes a burdened obstetric and gynecological history and the pathological course of a real pregnancy in a future mother. Here a history of abortions and multiple pregnancies, as well as short intervals between births, are of most importance. Also the reasons that violate the normal maturation of the fetus and increase the likelihood of the birth of premature babies include mother’s various chronic diseases. The calculations performed revealed a strong direct correlation between the degree of the child’s prematurity and the time spent in the neonatal pathology department.