90 YEARS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY, NEUROSURGERY AND MEDICAL GENETICS SAINT-PETERSBURG STATE PEDIATRIC MEDICAL UNIVERSITY. IN MEMORY OF OUR TEACHERS

Abstract

The need to study diseases of the nervous system in childhood is due to their significant prevalence, features of the clinical course, as well as a high risk of developing neurological and intellectual deficits. Mentions and descriptions of neurological symptoms in children are found in the works of scientists and doctors throughout the history of the development of medicine. However, consistent and in - depth development of clinical forms in pediatric neurology from the end of the 19th century. The students of Alexei Yakovlevich Kozhevnikov (1836-1902), the founder of Russian neurology, developed scientific ideas of their leader in the study of neurological pathology in children. V.A. Muratov (1865-1916) was the first to organize the teaching course of nervous diseases of childhood at the medical faculty of Moscow State University and published “Clinical lectures on nervous diseases of childhood” (1898). At the beginning of the 20th century, childhood neurology became an independent discipline. The history of the St. Petersburg Neurological School in this area dates back to the children’s neurological departments of our city. The research activities of the employees of the St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University and the systematization of the accumulated experience have made a great contribution to the study of neurological diseases of childhood. The article is devoted to the history of the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics (the former Department of Nervous Diseases) - the first in our country and Europe, engaged in the study of diseases of the nervous system in children. Archival data indicate that already at the beginning of the 20th century, the scientific and educational work of the staff of the department under the guidance of prominent neurologists covered a wide range of neurological pathologies in childhood.