THE EFFECT OF SELENIUM STATUS ON THE HUMAN BODY (LITERARY REVIEW)
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency is a recognized global public health problem, and poor nutrition predisposes to the formation of diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), human health depends on lifestyle by 50%, mainly on the quality of nutrition, the organization of medical care affects 10%, heredity affects 15% and environmental factors affect 25%. According to the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, every second child living in the territory of the Russian Federation has one or more chronic diseases, and non-communicable chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular pathologies prevail among adults. Children have a predominant deficiency of trace elements selenium, zinc and iodine. The results of large-scale studies of the elemental status of the population of Russia, including the Republic of Tatarstan, within the framework of the Federal Target Program “National System of Chemical and Biological Safety of the Russian Federation (2010–2014, 2015–2020)”, the regional program of the Republic of Tatarstan, indicate an unsatisfactory supply of essential trace elements among the population, in particular selenium up to 80%. The need for vital nutrients, in particular, micronutrients in modern conditions varies depending on age, season, physical activity. Modern diet cannot provide a sufficient level of consumption of micronutrients, which play an important role in various metabolic processes only from ordinary natural products. To correct selenium deficiency in the diet, seasonal fortification is proposed by enriching food products with selenium and iodine simultaneously, since these trace elements are functionally closely interrelated. Taking into account the high biological significance of selenium, as well as the geochemical features of the territory of residence, it is necessary to increase the range of food products enriched with this trace element, the deficiency of which is widespread and dangerous to health.
