SOME RESULTS OF EVALUATION THE DYNAMICS OF MORBIDITY IN NEWBORNS IN BIRTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS

Abstract

The neonatal period is the period of adaptation of the child to the conditions of extrauterine life, starting from the moment of his birth and ending when he reaches 28 days of age. Preserving the health of each newborn is the basis of the neonatological service, so the analysis of the incidence of morbidity in newborns is one of the main indicators of its work. In order to study the cases of morbidity in newborns in the organizations of obstetric aid in Russia in 2013-2017, the incidence of, official statistical reports and publications of the Federal State Statistics Service, as well as statistical collections of the Central Scientific Research Institute for Epidemiology and Epidemiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia were analyzed. It has been established that over the past five years, the incidence of full term newborns has decreased by 6.3%, while the incidence of premature babies born with extremely low birth weight has increased by 14.1%. The most significant contribution to the cases of newborns born with a body weight of 1000 grams or more was made by growth retardation and malnutrition; intrauterine hypoxia and asphyxia during childbirth, as well as neonatal jaundice. In premature infants born with a body weight of 1000 grams or more, respiratory impairments that occurred during the perinatal period were in the leading ones for all the years studied. Premature newborns born with a body weight of 1000 grams or more, 7 times more often than full term, suffer from infectious diseases specific to the perinatal period. The incidence of newborns born with a body weight of 500-999 grams is consistently high and most often has been associated with respiratory disorders. The incidence of extremely low birth weight infants in 2013-2017 was 10 times higher than the incidence rate of full term and 3 times higher than the incidence of premature infants born with a body weight of 1000 grams or more. In children born with extremely low body mass, the incidence rate of congenital anomalies (malformations), deformities and chromosomal abnormalities increased by 31.5% over the study period.