RUSSIAN PRIORITY IN THE CREATION OF CIRCULAR STAPLING APPARATUS FOR RECTAL SURGERY: FROM “SPUTNIK” TO “RUSSIAN GUN”
Abstract
The requirements for the workmanship of the XXI century surgeon can be formulated by three main conditions: the ability to properly handle video (robot)-assisted equipment, safely use a variety of electrosurgical instruments and use all kinds of stitching devices for their intended purpose. One of the areas of modern surgery in which it is no longer possible to imagine the usage of a classic manual suture is a low colorectal anastomosis using a special stitching device in rectal cancer surgery. For the first time, a circular stitching device was developed for this purpose and used in the USSR. In the literature review, we traced the stages of the work of Russian engineers and surgeons from the creation of a circular stitching device for working on the main vessels — the “Soviet Sputnik in surgery” to the forthcoming of the “Russian gun” — a stapler for the colon suture with low anterior rectal resection in case of cancer. The key event for the introduction of the advanced scientific idea of Soviet engineers in the USA was the export of a domestic industrial design abroad by the American surgeon M. Ravitch. The great role of the famous British surgeons J. Goligher and R. Heald in the introduction of this technique around the world is emphasized. The article describes the background of the term “Russian gun”, the advantages and disadvantages of the first Soviet models of stitching devices, the stages of a gradual change in the negative attitude of foreign surgeons by introducing new modifications into widespread practice around the world, as well as the objective reasons for their replacement with American devices.
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