Epileptic encephalopathies and developmental encephalopathies of infancy. Clinical observations. The experience of the Perinatal Center of St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
Abstract
The relevance of studying epileptic encephalopathies and developmental encephalopathies (EE and ER). In young children, it is due to the complexity of diagnosing this pathology, especially in neonatal and infancy, the formation of persistent neurological deficits, disability and social maladaptation of patients. The main causes of neonatal encephalopathy are hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system, perinatal infections, placental abnormalities, metabolic disorders, coagulopathy and hemorrhages during the newborn period. In addition, individual gene mutations associated with EE and ER have now been identified. The article provides brief literature data on the etiology and clinical variants of EE and ER in infancy, their role in the subsequent formation of cognitive and motor disorders, autism spectrum disorders (including disorders of social interaction, speech development and stereotypy), pharmacoresistant epilepsy. The role of electroencephalographic examination in the diagnosis of epileptic encephalopathies of the neonatal period is shown. The necessity of genetic testing of children with neonatal seizures is substantiated. The work also describes the own observations of 4 patients who were in the Perinatal Center of St. Petersburg State Medical University with diagnosed early developmental encephalopathy and epileptic encephalopathy, with a description of the etiology, clinical picture, features of paroxysmal conditions and their therapy, neuroimaging data, electroencephalographic phenomena.
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