Особенности вегетативного статуса у подростков при длительном течении аллергического фенотипа бронхиальной астмы

Аннотация

Background. One of the main places in the structure of modern allergic pathology is assigned to the allergic form of bronchial asthma. The prerequisites for optimizing pathogenetic therapy in adolescents with a long history of allergic bronchial asthma are created by the study of the role of the autonomic nervous system in the development and maintenance of the asthmatic process.

The aim of the study. To study the features of the initial vegetative tone in adolescents with a long history of allergic form of bronchial asthma.

Materials and methods.150 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years were examined, of whom 120 suffered from an allergic form of bronchial asthma and 30 were practically healthy and formed a control group. The sick adolescents were divided into two groups: the first (main) and the second (comparison group). The first group included 90 teenagers with a long history of bronchial asthma from 5 to 16 years old. The second group consisted of 30 adolescents with little experience of the asthmatic process from 1 to 3 years old. Temporal and spectral parameters of heart rate variability were studied in all adolescents.

Results. Adolescents with a long history of allergic asthma have excessive activation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic links of the autonomic nervous system with a predominance of parasympathetic impulses. The tension of the parasympathetic link of the autonomic nervous system in adolescents with a long history of bronchial asthma increases as the duration of the process increases with parallel suppression of the initially increased sympathetic tone.

Conclusions. The initial vegetative tone in adolescents with a prolonged course of the allergic phenotype of bronchial asthma is a combination of excessive activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic links of the autonomic nervous system with a predominance of parasympathetic impulses.