PERIODONTAL PATHOLOGY AND ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Abstract
Inflammatory periodontal disease is often associated with arterial hypertension (AH), and the question of the cause-and-effect relationship of this comorbidity remains a matter of debate. Chronic periodontitis and hypertension share common risk factors. The presence of periodontopathogenic microflora and the action of endotoxins that can cause systemic, inflammatory and immune reactions, metabolic lipid tissue damage, and disrupt hemostasis are considered to be the principal common pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of both periodontitis and hypertension. The review presents data proving the relationship of these diseases.
References
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Türkoğlu O., Barıs N., Tervahartiala T. et al. Evaluation of systemic levels of neutrophilic enzymes in patients with hypertension and chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2014; 85: 908–16.
Watatnabe T. et al. Carotid artery intima-media thickness and reactive oxygen species in hypertensive patients. J. hum. hypertens. 2006; 20: 336–40.
Zhou Q-B., Xia W-H., Ren J. et al. Effect of intensive periodontal therapy on blood pressure and endothelial microparticles in patients with prehypertension and periodontitis: a randomized controlled trial. J Periodontol. 2017; 88: 711–22.
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Luo Y., Ye H., Liu W. et al. Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021; 12(12): CD009409. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009409.pub2.
Febbraio M. Is There a Causal Link Between Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Disease? A Concise Review of Recent Findings. International Dental Journal. 2022; 72(1): 37–51.
Graziani F., Cei S., Tonetti M. et al. Systemic inflammation following non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 2010; 37: 848.
Guzik T.J., Skiba D.S., Touyz R.M., Harrison D.G. The role of infiltrating immune cells in dysfunctional adipose tissue. Cardiovasc Res. 2017; 113: 1009–23.
Kawabata Y., Ekuni D., Miyai H. et al. Relationship between prehypertension/hypertension and periodontal disease: a prospective cohort study. Am J Hypertens. 2016; 29: 388–96.
Khocht A., Rogers T., Janal M., Brown M. Gingival fluid inflammatory biomarkers and hypertension in African Americans. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2017; 2: 269–77.
Lee J-H., Oh J-Y., Youk T-M. et al. Association between periodontal disease and non-communicable diseases: a 12-year longitudinal healthexaminee cohort study in South Korea. Medicine. 2017; 96: e7398.
Leong X.F., Ng C.Y., Badiah B., Das S. Association between hypertension and periodontitis: possible mechanisms. Scientific World Journal. 2014; 2014: 768237.
Lewington S., Clarke R., Qizilbash N. et al. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002; 360: 1903–13.
Luo Y., Ye H., Liu W. et al. Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021; 12(12): CD009409. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009409.pub2.PMID: 34897644.
Sanz M., Marco Del Castillo A., Jepsen S. Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases. Consensus Report. J Clin Periodontol. 2020; 47: 268–88.
Zhao M., Qiao Yi, Wu Lan, et al. Periodontal Disease Is Associated With Increased Risk of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study Medicine Front. Physiol. 2019; 10: 440 DOI:10.3389/fphys.2019.00440.
Martin-Cabezas R., Seelam N., Petit C. et al. Association between periodontitis and arterial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am Heart J. 2016; 180: 98–112.
Masiha S. Inflammatory markers are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in a population-based sample of elderly men and women. J Hum Hypertens. 2013; 27(1): 13–7.
Mikolajczyk T.P., Nosalski R., Szczepaniak P. et al. Role of chemokine RANTES in the regulation of perivascular inflammation, T-cell accumulation, and vascular dysfunction in hypertension. FASEB J. 2016; 30: 1987–99.
Missing teeth predict incident cardiovascular events, diabetes, and death. J Dent Res. 2015; 94: 1055–62.
Morita T., Yamazaki Y., Fujiharu C. et al. Association between the duration of periodontitis and increased cardiometabolic risk factors: a 9-year cohort study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2016; 14: 475–82.
Morita T., Yamazaki Y., Mita A. et al. A cohort study on the association between periodontal disease and the development of metabolic syndrome. J Periodontol. 2010; 81: 512–9.
Munoz Aguilera E., Suvan J., Buti J. et al. Periodontitis is associated with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Res. 2020; 116: 28–39.
Munoz Aguilera E., Suvan J., Buti J. et al. Periodontitis is associated with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Res. 2020; 116: 28–39.
Paffen E. C-reactive protein in atherosclerosis: A causal factor? Cardiovasc. res. 2006; 71: 30–9.
Pedrrinelli R. Low-grade inflammation and microalbuminuria in hypertension, arteriosclerosis. Thromb. vasc. biol. 2004; 24: 2414–9.
Rutter M.K. C-Reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and prediction of cardiovascular events in the framingham offspring study. Circulation. 2004; 110(4): 380–5.
Taylor B., Tofler G., Morel-Kopp M-C. et al. The effect of initial treatment of periodontitis on systemic markers of inflammation and cardiovascular risk: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Oral Sci. 2010; 118: 350.
Tonetti M.S., Dyke T.E. Periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 2013; 40: S24.
Tsioufis C., Kasiakogias A., Thomopoulos C., Stefanadis C. Periodontitis and blood pressure: the concept of dental hypertension. Atherosclerosis. 2011; 219: 1–9.
Türkoğlu O., Barıs N., Tervahartiala T. et al. Evaluation of systemic levels of neutrophilic enzymes in patients with hypertension and chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2014; 85: 908–16.
Watatnabe T. et al. Carotid artery intima-media thickness and reactive oxygen species in hypertensive patients. J. hum. hypertens. 2006; 20: 336–40.
Zhou Q-B., Xia W-H., Ren J. et al. Effect of intensive periodontal therapy on blood pressure and endothelial microparticles in patients with prehypertension and periodontitis: a randomized controlled trial. J Periodontol. 2017; 88: 711–22.
