CHARACTERISTICS OF CHONDROPLASTIC MATERIALS: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Abstract
Introduction. Articular cartilage, due to the peculiarities of its structure and the lack of active trophism, is not capable of independent regeneration. Existing clinical methods for cartilage tissue restoration have many limitations. The development of tissue-engineered structures remains an urgent task in the fields of medicine, biology, and materials science. Purpose of the study: to analyze existing materials for chondroplasty and identify their advantages and disadvantages. Materials and methods. The study design was a non-systematic literature review. The data search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, eLibrary, Google Scholar. The search period was 15 years; most of the works included in the study were published in the last 5 years. Criteria for inclusion of works: availability of the full text of the articles, availability of histological studies, availability of statistical data analysis. The exclusion criteria for works were the absorbing nature of articles by one author (a more recent publication was included in the analysis). Results. During the work, it was found that both biological and synthetic polymers are used in the development of chondroplastic materials. Biological polymers have a high affinity for cell cultures but are not able to withstand significant mechanical loads. The solution of mechanical strength is the use of synthetic polymers. Chondrocytes are used as the main cell culture that influences the acceleration of defect restoration. Differentiation factors, especially factors from bone morphogenetic proteins group (BMPs), are also actively used. Conclusion. Biopolymers and synthetic polymers have both advantages and disadvantages, which leads to the need to use different
types of polymers to ensure the mimicry properties of the structures being developed. The use of growth factors, differentiation factors, cell cultures and biologically active substances accelerate regeneration processes.
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