КОРОНАВИРУСНАЯ ИНФЕКЦИЯ И COVID-19 У ДЕТЕЙ. ЧАСТЬ 2. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ COVID-19 У ДЕТЕЙ: ЛЕГОЧНЫЕ И ВНЕЛЕГОЧНЫЕ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ, ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯ, В ТОМ ЧИСЛЕ МУЛЬТИСИСТЕМНЫЙ ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫЙ СИНДРОМ

Тамара Васильевна Косенкова; Владимир Николаевич Тимченко; Валерия Павловна Новикова; Светлана Леонидовна  Баннова; Татьяна Маратовна  Чернова; Мария Александровна  Шакмаева; Оксана Владимировна  Булина; Ирина Анатольевна  Егорова; Анна Владимировна  Полунина

doi:10.56871/CmN-W.2025.54.93.002

Тамара Васильевна Косенкова Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова. 197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6022-3420
Владимир Николаевич Тимченко Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет. 194100, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2
Валерия Павловна Новикова Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет. 194100, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2
Светлана Леонидовна Баннова Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет. 194100, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2
Татьяна Маратовна Чернова Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет. 194100, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2
Мария Александровна Шакмаева Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет. 194100, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2
Оксана Владимировна Булина Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет. 194100, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2
Ирина Анатольевна Егорова Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет. 194100, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2
Анна Владимировна Полунина Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет. 194100, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56871/CmN-W.2025.54.93.002

Ключевые слова: COVID-19, дети, клиническая картина заболевания, легочные и внелегочные проявления, осложнения

Аннотация

Во второй части лекции представлены данные о клинической картине заболевания у детей. Указаны периоды и стадии течения новой коронавирусной инфекции, дана характеристика клинических вариантов COVID-19 в зависимости от степени тяжести заболевания с выделением основных параклинических, биохимических, рентгенологических маркеров и данных коагулограммы. Представлены факторы, способствующие более тяжелому течению инфекции и приведены показания к госпитализации пациентов. Подробно описаны внелегочные проявления COVID-19: поражение сердечно-сосудистой системы, в основе которого лежит развитие эндотелиита и протромботических эффектов с последующими кровоизлияниями и тромбозом сосудов; гастроинтестинальные симптомы, которые определяют более продолжительное течение заболевания и могут быть единственным проявлением инфекции у детей; поражение эндокринной системы, особенно поджелудочной железы с возможностью развития сахарного диабета; дана характеристика дерматологического синдрома с описанием различных вариантов сыпей в зависимости от степени тяжести заболевания, при этом все виды сыпей иллюстрированы фотографиями; описаны симптомы поражения нервной и мочевыделительной систем. Перечислены основные осложнения COVID-19 с подробным описанием мультисистемного воспалительного синдрома, его патогенеза, патоморфологии, классификации и клинической характеристики с указанием основных диагностических критериев.

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