Modern possibilities for forecasting the metastasis of malignant non formations. Metastasing markers

Abstract

To date, the molecular mechanisms of malignant tumor metastasis have been studied in sufficient detail. According to the results of numerous studies, it has been shown that metastasis is due to a number of consecutive out - and intracellular changes in tumor tissue. They are expressed in the loss of cell contact with the extracellular matrix, which is the result of a decrease in the expression of E - cadherin cells. Quite often, this is accompanied by an epithelial - mesenchymal transition, the manifestation of which is an increased expression in the tumor tissue of the transforming growth factor - B (TGF - B), vimentin, fibronectin. Changes in the tumor microenvironment and tumor metastasis are largely due to the production of matrix metalloproteinases. Tumor metastasis is impossible without neoangiogenesis, one of the manifestations of which is high expression in tumor tissue CD - 31 and CD - 34, indicating a high vascular density. The detection of these markers in the biopsy of tumor tissue indicates an aggressive course of the tumor process and a high risk of metastasis. Timely identification of these markers may help to choose the most optimal chemotherapeutic regimen for patients with malignant tumors.