SEPTIC ARTHRITIS - CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Abstract
Septic arthritis is an urgent condition that can lead to significant joint damage, multi-organ complications, sepsis and death. A search of contemporary data from the last 20 years in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus and Embase, as well as eLIBRARY using key word combinations “septic arthritis”, “native joint” and “postoperative septic arthritis” revealed several key aspects of this condition. According to the literature, the mean age of patients with septic arthritis was 55 years. The most frequent causative agent of septic arthritis was found to be methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), which was detected in 35% of studies. This indicates the high importance of this pathogen in the development of infection, which emphasizes the need for appropriate prophylaxis and timely treatment. Infection of the synovial membrane of the joint can occur via hematogenous and lymphogenous routes, as well a result of trauma and iatrogenic factors. This paper presents current algorithms for diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis, emphasizing the importance of early detection of the disease. In addition, current antibiotic therapy regimens that aim to optimize treatment and improve clinical outcomes in patients with this dangerous condition are reviewed. Understanding these current data and algorithms is critical for practicing clinicians.
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