ETIOLOGY OF SARCOIDOSIS — EMPHASIS ON CUTIBACTERIUM ACNES (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease with an unknown etiology, characterized by the formation of epithelioid cell non-caseifying granulomas with the most frequent lesions of the lungs, peripheral lymph nodes, skin, eyes and liver. Previously, it was believed that sarcoidosis is only one form of pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients with sarcoidosis were observed in tuberculosis dispensaries, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was often found in their sputum. However, it was later established that tuberculosis joined sarcoidosis a second time as a result of patients staying in tuberculosis network facilities. Sarcoidosis was excluded from the competence of phthisiologists, which made it possible to solve the problem of iatrogenic tuberculosis infection. However, since then, statistics on sarcoidosis have become extremely limited. Currently, the opinion is gaining popularity again that sarcoidosis can be caused by a bacterial infection, but not at all the one that was previously assumed. Convincing evidence has been presented for the involvement of the commensal bacterium Cutibacterium acnes in the pathogenesis of this disease. This view of sarcoidosis corresponds to modern views on all autoimmune processes. In this regard, completely new treatment regimens for sarcoidosis have been proposed, including antibiotics that have already proven themselves well. This article will present a generalizing scheme of the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis in connection with C. acnes, which will allow us to take a fresh look at this familiar, but still mysterious disease.
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