ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЕ ПЕРИФЕРИЧЕСКИХ АРТЕРИЙ НИЖНИХ КОНЕЧНОСТЕЙ: СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ, РУКОВОДСТВО И ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ (НАУЧНОЕ СОЧИНЕНИЕ)
Аннотация
Заболевание периферических артерий нижних конечностей (ЗПА) поражает более 230 миллионов взрослых пациентов во всем мире ежегодно. Это число указывает на высокую распространенность данного заболевания и связанных с ним негативных клинических исходов, например, ишемической болезни сердца, инсульта и ампутации. Исторически ЗПА недооценивалось медицинскими работниками и пациентами по нескольким причинам. Одна из них — ограниченная доступность в клиниках диагностического теста первой линии для ЗПА, такого как лодыжечно-плечевой индекс. Этот тест позволяет определить наличие стеноза и окклюзии артерий нижних конечностей. Еще одна причина — неправильное представление о том, что заболевания сосудов ног не являются фатальными. Однако за последние годы было проведено несколько исследований, которые показали недостаточное использование научно обоснованной терапии у пациентов с ЗПА. Это указывает на то, что нам необходимо обновить свои знания о ЗПА и улучшить практику лечения. Данное исследование представляет собой информацию о современной эпидемиологии ЗПА, включая распространенность заболевания, временные тенденции, факторы риска и осложнения. Оно также освещает современные методы диагностики, такие как физиологические тесты и методы визуализации, и основные пробелы в лечении ЗПА, включая медикаментозную терапию, лечебную физкультуру и реваскуляризацию. Этот научный материал поможет специалистам здравоохранения быть в курсе последних достижений в области ЗПА и обеспечить пациентам оптимальное лечение. В целом болезнь периферических артерий нижних конечностей является серьезной и распространенной проблемой, которая требует внимания и последовательного подхода к диагностике и лечению. Научные исследования играют важную роль в обеспечении оптимальной заботы о пациентах с ЗПА и снижении их риска осложнений.
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