AGE-RELATED FEATURES OF THE ADRENAL ANATOMY IN NEWBORNS IN NORMAL AND BIRTH TRAUMA

Abstract

The adrenal glands in newborns play a significant role in the body’s adaptive processes in perinatal ontogenesis. Among parenchymal organs undergoing birth trauma, the adrenal glands take second place after the liver. Both clinical and topographical -anatomical changes occurring in the abdominal cavity can be very diverse and determined by age and individual features of the structure of the adrenal gland (shape, size, position, blood supply). Obstetricians, neonatologists, pediatricians and pathologists are less likely to discuss the problem of birth trauma, while birth trauma remains the most urgent problem of perinatal medicine. In this regard, the relevance of studying topographical and anatomical picture the adrenal glands in birth trauma in newborns is determined. The purpose of our review was to study the age and individual characteristics of the adrenal glands of newborns (shape, size, position, blood vessels) and anatomical features of the adrenal glands in newborns who died as a result of birth trauma. The analysis of protocols of pathoanatomic autopsies of newborns and the analysis of protocols of operations performed on newborns with birth trauma of the adrenal gland according to the literature data is carried out. In most children, surgery was performed on the 3rd-5th day of life when symptoms indicating pathology in the abdominal area appeared. It is noted that the topographical and anatomical picture of the abdominal cavity in the case of birth trauma of the adrenal gland depends on the side of the damaged organ, the degree of damage and a large number of other circumstances. All this determines the possibility and scope of surgical intervention, as well as to a large extent its success. Data from surgical interventions and pathoanatomic observations show that the nature of changes in the abdominal cavity depends on the location of the injury, the intensity of hemorrhages, the presence or absence of rupture of the organ tissue.